Hyperpigmentation, also known as dark spots, is a common skin problem, especially for people with skin of colour. This guide will explain what hyperpigmentation is, how it happens, its causes, treatments, and ways to prevent it. We’ll focus on what’s important for those with darker skin tones.
WHAT IS HYPERPIGMENTATION?
Hyperpigmentation means having dark spots or patches on your skin. This happens when your skin makes too much melanin, the pigment that gives your skin its colour. These spots are more noticeable on darker skin because there is already more melanin present.
HOW MELANIN IS PRODUCED AND SPREAD IN THE SKIN
Melanin is the pigment that gives our skin, hair, and eyes their colour. It is made by cells called melanocytes, located in the bottom layer of the skin. The process starts when an enzyme called tyrosinase changes an amino acid called tyrosine into melanin. This melanin is then packed into tiny sacs called melanosomes and moved to other skin cells called keratinocytes. The amount and spread of melanin in the skin determine our skin colour and reaction to sun exposure. People with darker skin have more active melanocytes, which means they produce more melanin. This provides some natural protection against the sun but also makes them more prone to hyperpigmentation.
CAUSES OF HYPERPIGMENTATION
Several factors can cause hyperpigmentation:
- Sun Exposure: The sun’s UV rays can increase melanin production, leading to sunspots or age spots.
- Inflammation: Dark spots can appear after skin injuries like acne, cuts, or burns. This is called post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH).
- Hormonal Changes: Hormones can cause conditions like melasma, especially during pregnancy or when taking birth control pills.
- Medications: Some medicines can change skin colour as a side effect.
- Genetics: Some people are more likely to get dark spots because of their genes.
TREATMENTS FOR HYPERPIGMENTATION
Treating hyperpigmentation can be tricky, especially for darker skin. Here are some treatments that can help:
- Topical Treatments: Creams with ingredients like hydroquinone, retinoids, niacinamide and kojic acid can fade dark spots. Always use these under a dermatologist's or esthetician's guidance to avoid irritation.
- Chemical Peels: Peels with acids like glycolic or salicylic acid can help exfoliate the skin and reduce dark spots. Be cautious with deeper peels on darker skin.
- Laser Therapy: Some lasers are safe for dark skin and can target dark spots without causing damage. Make sure to see a specialist experienced with skin of colour.
- Microneedling: This treatment uses tiny needles to boost collagen production and help with dark spots.
- Natural Remedies: Ingredients like licorice extract, aloe vera, and green tea are gentler options for treating dark spots.
PREVENTING DARK SPOTS
Preventing dark spots is easier than treating them. Here’s how you can prevent them from appearing:
- Sun protection: Use a broad-spectrum sunscreen with at least SPF 30 every day, even when it’s cloudy. Reapply every two hours if you’re outside. (read our Quick Guide To Sunscreen For Darker Skin)
- Avoid picking skin: Don’t pick at acne or other skin injuries to avoid PIH.
- Gentle skincare: Use mild skincare products that don’t irritate your skin.
- Regular exfoliation: Gentle exfoliation can help remove dead skin cells and prevent clogged pores, reducing the risk of dark spots.
CONCLUSION
Using sun protection, gentle skincare, and the right treatments can help you achieve a more even and glowing skin tone. Remember, treating dark takes time and consistency.
Knowing its causes and treatments can help manage and prevent them. Always talk to a dermatologist or esthetician to create a skincare plan that works for you.
Learn more about the different types of pigmentation disorders and their treatments in our skincare blog.